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Six minutes to recharge? Battery advance could rewrite what fast charging means for electric cars
Researchers at Adelaide University have discovered a promising new strategy that could deliver fast battery charging. The team, led by Professor Shi-Zhang Qiao, an ARC Industry Laureate Fellow in the University's School of Chemical Engineering, created pouch battery cells using interfacial anion-reduction catalysis to record a charge of more than 85% after six minutes. The cells also provided about 240.4 watt-hours per kilogram after fewer than six minutes of charging.
Fast charging capabilities are essential for accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles. Professor Qiao said current models of high-capacity batteries, like those of silicon and lithium, are fast, but their capacities fade rapidly.
"Current models also increase heat generation during fast charging, which can exacerbate battery degradation and safety risks," Professor Qiao said. "Until now, achieving more than 90% charge within 10 minutes without sacrificing energy density and cycle life has been a formidable challenge."
Professor Qiao and his team, which included researchers from Imperial College London, researched the capabilities of a cell using interfacial anion-reduction catalysis. Their findings are published in the journal Nature Energy.
"The catalytic sites on the electrode surface attract anions to the battery interface and promote the formation of a robust inorganic protective layer, which is critical for fast charging and long-term stability," he said. "Unlike traditional electrolyte engineering, which often affects the entire electrolyte system, this strategy regulates reactions only at the interface, allowing fast charging without sacrificing ionic conductivity."
Professor Qiao said the discovery provides a new strategy for developing practical fast-charging lithium-ion batteries. "Our test cell exhibited excellent performance, achieving about 76% capacity retention after 500 six-minute cycles," Professor Qiao said. "The cells also exhibited excellent stability at 10 minutes of charging.
"The discovery could help enable electric vehicles that charge in minutes without sacrificing battery life or energy density."
The team will now focus on scaling up the technology and testing its long-term performance under practical operating conditions.
Battery nearly fully charged after just 6 minutes...Engineers have developed a new method which could deliver ultra-fast battery charging.
They report in a study published in Nature Energy that their pouch battery cell design can achieve more than 85% charge in just 6 minutes. The cells provided about 240.4Wh per kg of power after less than 6 minutes of charging.
Fast charging batteries are essential for a host of technologies including electric vehicles. Current models like silicon and lithium are fast but capacities fade quickly.
“Current models also increase heat generation during fast charging, which can exacerbate battery degradation and safety risks,” says lead researcher Shi-Zhang Qiao from Australia’s Adelaide University.
“Until now, achieving more than 90% charge within 10 minutes without sacrificing energy density and cycle life has been a formidable challenge.”
Chemical batteries rely on electrochemical reactions and the movement of charged ions to create an electrical current.
Positively-charged cations move from the anode to the cathode during discharge. Anions – ions formed when an atom gains electrons through reduction – move slightly to offset the charge differential created by the movement of cations.
During charging, the electrochemical reactions are reversed.
Anion build up at the electrode-electrolyte interface helps create a protective layer which prevents battery degradation.
Fast-charging methods, however, can disrupt this build up and lead to unwanted deterioration.
Qiao and colleagues developed their cells using interfacial anion-reduction catalysts.
“The catalytic sites on the electrode surface attract anions to the battery interface and promote the formation of a robust inorganic protective layer, which is critical for fast charging and long-term stability,” Qiao explains.
“Unlike traditional electrolyte engineering, which often affects the entire electrolyte system, this strategy regulates reactions only at the interface, allowing fast charging without sacrificing ionic conductivity.”
Qiao says their system could be applied to high-capacity lithium-ion batteries to improve charge speed and lifetime.
“Our test cell exhibited excellent performance, achieving about 76% capacity retention after 500, 6-minute cycles,” Qiao says. “The cells also exhibited excellent stability at 10 minutes of charging.
“The discovery could help enable electric vehicles that charge in minutes without sacrificing battery life or energy density.”
The team’s focus now is on scaling up the technology and testing its long-term operational performance.
These ultra-fast charging capabilities highlight several major recent breakthroughs:
Adelaide University Breakthrough: Engineers developed an ultra-fast charging method regulating only the electrode surface, allowing pouch battery cell designs to achieve over 85% capacity in just 6 minutes without compromising battery lifespan.
CATL Shenxing 3rd Generation: Unveiled by the battery giant CATL, this lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery can charge from 10% to 80% in 3 minutes and 44 seconds, and to 98% in just 6 minutes and 27 seconds. Notably, it can charge from 20% to 98% in under 9 minutes in extreme freezing temperatures (-30C).
Nyobolt EV: Showcased in a concept car, this advanced 35kWh battery architecture successfully charged in 6 minutes across extensive testing without significant capacity loss.
Provided by University of Adelaide
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